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computer networking on youtube of 4 hours

 LAN(local area network);-

within a building and offices

speed 10mbps-10gbps

PAN(personal area network)

10mbps-10gbps

MAN(metropolitan area network)

range 5-50km 

example- ola, zomato

Wide area network(WAN)-;

country

CAN(campus area network)

SAN(storage area network) little bit  confusing



It's a specialized low-expensive network. It's used to backup data. 

It's a game of storing data via a system. All devices can access it if it's part of a SAN network. 

peer to peer model-(point to point model) directly connecting to something without incorporating the 3rd one within each other. 

client-server model- confused and remote desktop as well 

server is an intermediate, administrator 

which sets up some rules and regulation 

bridge, router, gateway, switch, raid system

Topologies

Topology stands for the layout of connected devices on a network 

MESH TOPOLOGY-

mesh topology tends to be expensive. point to point connection with all computers. It gives privacy and security. If somehow one line gets disconnected, it doesn't affect others. 

star topology-;



HUB works as an intermediate. This topology is the cheapest. 

Here each device has a dedicated point-to-point link to the central controller called "HUB". There is no traffic between devices. When device one wants to send data to device 2. First sends the data to HUB which then relays the data to the other connected device. 

Bus topology- 

this allows only one device to transmit at a time. 

A BUS topology is multipoint. It is so cheapest. 

Ring topology-; 


Here each device has a dedicated connection with two devices on either side. The signal is passed in one direction from device to device until it reaches the destination and each device has a repeater. 

Tree topology=




star+bus topology= Tree topology


Hybrid topology=




mixed up all topology

at least 2 topology

considerations for choosing a topology

mesh= expensive, ring topology= cheapest

ICANN, IANA, IEEE, AND EIA/TIA(internet authorities and organizations)

ICANN= internet corporation for assigned names and numbers
It's a non-profit organization. It helps to secure the internet. Whenever we put in some domain names on the search bar, we redirect to the specific location on the web. However, the internet doesn't understand any domain names, it only recognizes IP addresses. So, because of ICANN, we easily type domains and reach that location. 
It manages DNS. 

Before ICANN, we had to type in the IP addresses to access a website. 
GoDaddy, big rock, and hostinger come under ICANN. They are a broker. 
to check up website's IP address= open command prompt= nslookup example.com

IANA

sub-department of ICANN
Responsible for global, unique internet identifier systems
one of the oldest internet institutions, its role dates back to the 1970s
IANA now refers to a series of functions performed to coordinate unique internet identifier systems
Today, ICANN performs the IANA functions

IEEE
The institute of electrical and electronic engineers(IEEE) is a global association and organization of professionals working toward the development, implementation, and maintenance of technology-centered products and services. IEEE is a nonprofit organization founded in 1963. It works solely toward innovating, educating, and standardizing the electrical and electronic development industry. It is best known for its development of standards such as IEEE 802.11. 

Mac address and ARP table(tut7);

The media access control(MAC) address is just as important as the IP address. The MAC address is a unique value associated with the network adapter(NIC). MAC addresses are known as hardware addresses or physical addresses. They uniquely identify the adapter on the LAN.  
Mac= media access control= as important as the IP address
It's unique all over the world that your device has. 
Format= MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS or MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS (12 digit number)
The first half of the MAC address contains the ID number of the adapter manufacturer. These IDs are regulated by an internet standards organization. The second half of the MAC address represents the serial number assigned to the adapter by the manufacturer. 
Format of the MAC address: The following prefix indicates the manufacturer is Intel Corporation. 
00:A0:C9:14:C8:29
You can see your MAC addresses, using CMD, just type in "getmac", and press enter. 
MAC address is often called physical or hardware address. 
MAC and IP address functionality:
The MAC addresses function at the data link layer(layer 2) and the IP addresses function at the network layer(layer 3). It's a bit of oversimplification, but the IP addresses support the software implementation and the MAC addresses support the hardware implementation of the network stack(OSI model). The MAC address generally remains fixed and follows the network device, but the IP address changes as the network device move from one network to another. 

The IP network maintains a mapping between the IP address of a device and its MAC address. This mapping is known as the ARP cache or ARP table. The DHCP also relies on MAC addresses to manage the unique assignment of IP addresses to devices. 
ARP= address resolution protocol
ARP table=MAC table

IP address= internet protocol

A hacker can hack your system if he knows your IP address. 
To enter into the internet world you need an IP address. In a nutshell, It's like your home address. 
2 types of IP address= static IP and dynamic IP
static= permanent, dynamic=short-term










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